Investigation on Pests,Pathogenic Microorganism and Their Natural Enemies of Bamboo Plants in Beijing
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摘要: 随着北京城市发展的需要,越来越多的竹类植物被应用到城市绿化美化工程建设项目中,与此同时,有害生物的危害也成为困扰竹子应用的难题。因此系统全面的掌握竹子有害生物的种类,调查其发生的基本规律,对破解应用和后期养护中的问题非常必要。2017-2020年笔者对北京市部分公园、二三环环路绿化带、北植专类园、医院和社区绿地中的竹类植物的有害生物进行了调研。经整理鉴定分类,共发现北京市已知竹子病虫害共30种,其中虫害22种(7种蚧、2种蚜、2种螨、3种蜂、1种蛾、1种象甲、1种蝇、1种叶蝉、1种蜡蝉、2种蝽、1种疣蝗)、病害8种,其中新报道虫害15种,病害8种;并发现上述一些害虫的天敌:2种草蛉、3种食蚜蝇、寄生蜂类、4种瓢虫。调查结果可为北京竹类的引种栽培、养护管理和病虫害防治提供参考。Abstract: With the development of Beijing city,more and more bamboo plants are applied to the beautification of urban greening construction projects. At the same time,the harm of pests and pathogenic microorganisms is also a problem in the bamboo application. Therefore,in order to solve this problem,it is very necessary to the systematically and comprehensively identify the harmful organisms of bamboos,and to investigate their basic rule. From 2017 to 2020,in Beijing,the harmful organisms of bamboo plants in some parks,green belts along the second and third ring roads,the special zones of Beijing Botanical Garden,the green spaces in hospitals and communities were investigated. After classification and identification,there found totally 33 species of bamboo pests in Beijing,including 22 species of insect pests(7 species of scale insects,2 species of aphids,2 species of mites,3 species of bee,1 species of moth,1 species of weevil,1 species of fly,1 species of leafhopper,1 species of wax cicada,2 species of bugs,1 species of warthog),and 8 species of pathogenic microorganisms. Of which,15 species of pests and 8 species of pathogenic microorganisms were newly reported. Four categories of natural enemies (2 species of lacewing flies,3 species of aphid-eating flies,1 species of parasitic wasps,and 4 species of ladybugs) of these pests were found. The results of the investigation can provide a reference for the introduction and cultivation,conservation management and pest control of bamboo in Beijing.
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